need to know the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases and how to draw
them
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need to use the particulate models of matter to explain melting, freezing, boiling, condensation and
evaporation - Kinetic Particle Theory
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must know how to determine the physical state (eg: solid, liquid or gas) of a substance given relevant
information
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must know how to interpret heating curve and cooling curve
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Must know that the rate of diffusion depends on the relative molecular mass
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Different techniques of collection of Gases - upward and downward delivery
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Accuracy for each apparatus – measuring cylinder, burette, pipette, beaker
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Take note Fractional Distillation can also be applied to liquid air. Apply the same principles of factional distillation based on boiling point. |
Different techniques for separating different types of mixtures
Filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation, chromatography |
How to check for purity of substance
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impurities lower melting point but raise boiling point
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pure substance melts at a fixed temperature and boils at a fixed temperature
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Impure substance melts and boils over a range of temperature
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pure substance only show one spot on chromatogram
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Know how to calculate Rf value
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know the definition of elements, compounds and mixtures
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know the definition of atoms
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know the differences between compounds and mixtures
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know the definition of molecules
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know the differences between proton, neutron and electron
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Metallic Bonding
know how to interpret information given the symbol form of element A X
Z
know the definition of isotopes and be able to calculate the relative abundance isotopes have similar chemical properties but slightly different physical properties know how to write the electronic structure of atom know what are valance/valency electrons
know the relationship between electronic structure of atom and its position in the Periodic Table know the formation of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions)
know the formation of ionic bonds and covalent bonds know the various properties of ionic substance and simple covalent substance know why atoms wants to form bonds (in order to achieve the stable electronic configuration of noble
gases) know how to draw “dot and cross” diagram for ionic substance and covalent substance
know how to explain why ionic substance have high mp and bp and can conduct electricity only in molten
and in aqueous state know how to explain why simple covalent substance have low mp and bp and cannot conduct electricity know what is valency (it is different from valence/valency electrons) know how to write formula and balance chemical equations with state symbols including ionic equation Know how to describe the structure of diamond and graphite Know how to explain physical properties of diamond and graphite
know the definition of Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass
know that mole = mass / molar mass know that mole = volume /24 (dm3) [only for gases] – Molar Volume know how to calculate empirical formula and molecular formula know how to calculate percentage composition know that one mole of substance contains 6 X 1023 particles know that no of moles = number of particles / 6 X 1023 know that concentration in g/dm3 = mass / volume (dm3) [only for solution] know that concentration in mol/dm3 = no of moles / volume (dm3) [only for solution]
know how to calculate based on chemical equation {Titration Type of Calculations] Know how to calculate limiting-reagent-type-of-question
Know how to calculate percentage purity ie % purity = pure/impure × 100% Know how to calculate percentage yield ie % yield = actual mass/ theoretical mass × 100%
know the definition of isotopes and be able to calculate the relative abundance isotopes have similar chemical properties but slightly different physical properties know how to write the electronic structure of atom know what are valance/valency electrons
know the relationship between electronic structure of atom and its position in the Periodic Table know the formation of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions)
know the formation of ionic bonds and covalent bonds know the various properties of ionic substance and simple covalent substance know why atoms wants to form bonds (in order to achieve the stable electronic configuration of noble
gases) know how to draw “dot and cross” diagram for ionic substance and covalent substance
know how to explain why ionic substance have high mp and bp and can conduct electricity only in molten
and in aqueous state know how to explain why simple covalent substance have low mp and bp and cannot conduct electricity know what is valency (it is different from valence/valency electrons) know how to write formula and balance chemical equations with state symbols including ionic equation Know how to describe the structure of diamond and graphite Know how to explain physical properties of diamond and graphite
know the definition of Relative Atomic Mass and Relative Molecular Mass
know that mole = mass / molar mass know that mole = volume /24 (dm3) [only for gases] – Molar Volume know how to calculate empirical formula and molecular formula know how to calculate percentage composition know that one mole of substance contains 6 X 1023 particles know that no of moles = number of particles / 6 X 1023 know that concentration in g/dm3 = mass / volume (dm3) [only for solution] know that concentration in mol/dm3 = no of moles / volume (dm3) [only for solution]
know how to calculate based on chemical equation {Titration Type of Calculations] Know how to calculate limiting-reagent-type-of-question
Know how to calculate percentage purity ie % purity = pure/impure × 100% Know how to calculate percentage yield ie % yield = actual mass/ theoretical mass × 100%
General Patterns in Periodic Table
from left to right, elements changes from metals to non-metals elements in the same group have the same number of valance electrons
element in the same period have the same number of electron shells elements which have metallic and non-metallic properties are known as metalloids (eg: silicon) Group I elements
also known as alkali metals need to know the physical properties and the trend down the Group need to know the chemical properties (especially reaction with water and know to write the balanced
chemical reaction) Group VII elements
also known as halogens; exist as diatomic molecules (eg: Cl2, Br2) need to know the physical properties (colour of pure elements and in aqueous solution & the
physical state at room conditions) need to know displacement reaction of more reactive halogens with salt of less reactive halogens and
their colour change during the reactions Group 0 elements
Know that Group 0 elements are unreactive because they have full outermost shells Know some uses of the noble gases
physical Properties of metals differences between pure metals and alloys Know how to draw the structure of alloys and pure metals chemical properties of metals reactivity Series of metals (how different metals react with cold water, steam, hydrochloric acid; thermal
stability of metal carbonates and hydroxides) how to work out the order of metals in the reactivity series based on relevant informationknow in details extraction of iron in the blast furnace and all the equations why metals are recycled Describe sacrificial protect of iron by a more reactive metal eg magnesium
from left to right, elements changes from metals to non-metals elements in the same group have the same number of valance electrons
element in the same period have the same number of electron shells elements which have metallic and non-metallic properties are known as metalloids (eg: silicon) Group I elements
also known as alkali metals need to know the physical properties and the trend down the Group need to know the chemical properties (especially reaction with water and know to write the balanced
chemical reaction) Group VII elements
also known as halogens; exist as diatomic molecules (eg: Cl2, Br2) need to know the physical properties (colour of pure elements and in aqueous solution & the
physical state at room conditions) need to know displacement reaction of more reactive halogens with salt of less reactive halogens and
their colour change during the reactions Group 0 elements
Know that Group 0 elements are unreactive because they have full outermost shells Know some uses of the noble gases
physical Properties of metals differences between pure metals and alloys Know how to draw the structure of alloys and pure metals chemical properties of metals reactivity Series of metals (how different metals react with cold water, steam, hydrochloric acid; thermal
stability of metal carbonates and hydroxides) how to work out the order of metals in the reactivity series based on relevant informationknow in details extraction of iron in the blast furnace and all the equations why metals are recycled Describe sacrificial protect of iron by a more reactive metal eg magnesium
examples of basic oxides, amphoteric oxides, neutral oxides and acidic oxides
definition of strong and weak acids
properties of Acids
Typical Reactions of Acids
acids + reactive metals ! salts +
acids + carbonates ! salts + carbon dioxide + water acids + base ! salts + water reactivity series of metals Types of Oxides
properties of Acids
Typical Reactions of Acids
acids + reactive metals ! salts +
acids + carbonates ! salts + carbon dioxide + water acids + base ! salts + water reactivity series of metals Types of Oxides
hydrogen gas
know the difference between base and alkali
properties of Alkalis
Typical Reaction of Alkalis
alkalis + acids ! salts + water
Typical Reaction of Alkalis
alkalis + acids ! salts + water
+
ammonia gas +
water
alkalis + ammonium compounds ! salt
Indicators and pH
know the common indicators and their colour change (litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange and
Universal Indicator) Preparation of Salts
must know solubility table; the 3 methods of salt preparation (precipitation, titration and acids plus excess metal/insoluble metal oxide/insoluble carbonates
Indicators and pH
know the common indicators and their colour change (litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange and
Universal Indicator) Preparation of Salts
must know solubility table; the 3 methods of salt preparation (precipitation, titration and acids plus excess metal/insoluble metal oxide/insoluble carbonates
Titration related graph questions
Know the conditions for the Haber Process, including explaining them with respect to Le Chatelier’s
Principle.
Meaning of Forward and backward reaction
How is ammonia produced in the Chemistry Lab? – Reaction of Ammonium Chloride
need to know test for cations, anions and gases (including the relevant equation and ionic equations)
Know the conditions for the Haber Process, including explaining them with respect to Le Chatelier’s
Principle.
Meaning of Forward and backward reaction
How is ammonia produced in the Chemistry Lab? – Reaction of Ammonium Chloride
need to know test for cations, anions and gases (including the relevant equation and ionic equations)
No one plan to fail, many fail to plan. Are you ready for End Year Exam 2014?_Prepared by Ms Ong Lee Lian
just study according to the checklist lol.
it's very messy here, so just download the document from ms ong
sorry there aren't actual notes, I very lazy to type and I also prefer hand writing chem notes for some reason
just study according to the checklist lol.
it's very messy here, so just download the document from ms ong
sorry there aren't actual notes, I very lazy to type and I also prefer hand writing chem notes for some reason